How to Recycle Rubber - Revision history

Admin: /* Categories */

2011-03-19T15:35:43Z

‎Categories

Admin: /* Categories */

2010-04-23T16:56:03Z

‎Categories

Alessandro at 16:47, 8 December 2009

2009-12-08T16:47:36Z

Alessandro at 14:35, 8 December 2009

2009-12-08T14:35:50Z

Admin: moved How to Recycle Rubber? to How to Recycle Rubber

2009-10-17T15:19:20Z

moved How to Recycle Rubber? to How to Recycle Rubber

Alessandro at 14:28, 19 June 2009

2009-06-19T14:28:50Z

Maud: /* Categories: */

2009-06-17T15:28:18Z

‎Categories:

Maud: /* Product re-use */

2009-06-17T15:10:07Z

‎Product re-use

Maud: /* Recovery of rubber */

2009-06-17T15:02:54Z

‎Recovery of rubber

Maud: /* Why reclaim or recycle rubber? */

2009-06-17T14:57:44Z

‎Why reclaim or recycle rubber?

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 [[Category:Oil]] [[Category:Plastic container]]  [[Category:Tyres]] [[Category:Neighbourhood]]
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		+	==Related Articles==
		+	- [[How to Recycle Rubber]]<br>
		+	- [[How to Recycle Plastic Bags]]<br>
		+	- [[How to Pasteurize Water with a Plastic Bottle]]<br>
		+	- [[What to Do with Plastic Containers]]<br>
		+	- [[How to Make a Tippy Tap for Hand Washing]]<br>
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		+	{{Paypal}}

	==Categories==		==Categories==

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 [[Category:Oil]] [[Category:Plastic container]]  [[Category:Tyres]] [[Category:Neighbourhood]]
 [[Category:Principles]]
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+[[Category:Requested translation to Spanish]] [[Category:Requested translation to French]]

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	[[Category:Oil]] [[Category:Plastic container]] [[Category:Tyres]] [[Category:Neighbourhood]]		[[Category:Oil]] [[Category:Plastic container]] [[Category:Tyres]] [[Category:Neighbourhood]]
	[[Category:Principles]]		[[Category:Principles]]
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+==Categories==
 [[Category:Construction]] [[Category:Energy]] [[Category:Ideas]] [[Category:Mechanics]] [[Category:Pest control]] [[Category:Pollution]] [[Category:Products]] [[Category:Recycling]] [[Category:Resource Management]] [[Category:Small Business]] [[Category:Transportation]] [[Category:Waste]]
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← Older revision	Revision as of 15:19, 17 October 2009
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-[[category:Example]]
+[[Category:Construction]] [[Category:Energy]] [[Category:Ideas]] [[Category:Mechanics]] [[Category:Pest control]] [[Category:Pollution]] [[Category:Products]] [[Category:Recycling]] [[Category:Resource Management]] [[Category:Small Business]] [[Category:Transportation]] [[Category:Waste]]
-[[Category:Up to 5 Persons]]
+[[Category:High Technology]] [[Category:Easy to Medium]]
-[[Category:Global Technology]] [[Category:Ideas]] [[Category:Small Business]] [[Category:Products]]
+[[Category:Global Technology]] [[Category:Global]] [[Category:Rural Environment]] [[Category:Urban Environment]]

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 The use of retread tyres saves valuable energy and resources. A new tyre requires 23L of crude oil equivalent for raw materials and 9L for process energy compared with 7L and 2L respectively for retreading. Tyres of passenger vehicles can generally be retreaded only once while truck and bus tyres can be retreaded up to six times. Retreading is a well established and acceptable (in safety terms) practice. The process involves the removal of the remaining tread (producing tyre crumb - see later) and the application and vulcanisation of a new tread (the 'camel back') onto the remaining carcass. In Nairobi about 10,000 tyres a week are received for retreading (Ahmed).
-Secondary reuse of whole tyres is the next step in the waste management hierarchy. Tyres are often put to use because of their shape, weight, form or volume. Some examples of secondary use in industrialised countries include use for erosion control, as tree guards, in artificial reefs, fences or as garden decoration. In developing countries wells can be lined with old tyres, docks are often lined with old tyres which act as shock absorbers, and similarly crash barriers can be constructed from old tyres. Old inner tubes also have many uses; swimming aids and water containers being two simple examples.
+Secondary reuse of whole tyres is the next step in the waste management hierarchy. Tyres are often put to use because of their shape, weight, form or volume. Some examples of secondary use in industrialised countries include use for erosion control, as tree guards, in artificial reefs (but the ecological soundness of this practice is questionned along with the stability of the material in sea water) , fences, or transformed into playground devices. In developing countries wells can be lined with old tyres, docks are often lined with old tyres which act as shock absorbers, and similarly crash barriers can be constructed from old tyres. Old inner tubes also have many uses; swimming aids and water containers being two simple examples.
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 {| border="1" cellpadding="5"
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 Kind of recovery
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 • Retreading<br /> • Regrooving
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 Physical reuse
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 • Tearing apart<br /> • Cutting<br /> • Processing to crumb
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 Chemical
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 • Reclamation
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 Thermal
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 Energy reuse
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 • Incineration
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 Table 3: Principal rubber recycling processing paths (adapted from van Baarle)
-'''Product re-use'''
+===Product re-use===
 Damaged tyres are, more often than not, repaired. Tubes can be patched and tyres can be repaired by one of a number of methods. Regrooving is a practice carried out in many developing countries where regulations are slacker and standards are lower (and speeds are lower) than in the West. It is often carried out by hand and is labour intensive.
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 </center>
-'''Material re-use'''
+===Material re-use===
 The next step in our hierarchy involves the material being broken down and reused for the production of a new product. As mentioned earlier, in developing countries this hand reprocessing of rubber products to produce consumer goods is well established and the variety of products being made from reclaimed tyres and tubes is astonishing. The rubber used in tyres is a relatively easy material to reform by hand. It behaves in a similar manner to leather and has in fact replaced leather for a number of applications. The tools required for making products directly from tyre rubber are not expensive and are few in number. Shears, knives, tongs, hammers, etc., all common tools found in the recyclers' workshop, along with a wide range of improvised tools for specialised applications. Shoes, sandals, buckets, motor vehicle parts, doormats, water containers, pots, plant pots dustbins and bicycles pedals are among the products manufactured.
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 </center>
-'''Chemical and thermal recovery'''
+===Chemical and thermal recovery===
 This type of recovery is not only lower in the waste management hierarchy, but is also a higher technology requiring sophisticated equipment. The applicability of such technologies for small-scale applications in developing countries is very limited. We will therefore look only very briefly at a couple of processes. Chemical recovery is the process of heating waste rubber reclaim, treating it with chemicals and then processing the rubber mechanically.<br />
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 <blockquote>
-• Acid reclamation - uses hot sulphuric acid to destroy the fabric incorporated in the tyre and heat treatment to render the scrap rubber sufficiently plastic to allow its use as a filler with batches of crude rubber.
+*Acid reclamation - uses hot sulphuric acid to destroy the fabric incorporated in the tyre and heat treatment to render the scrap rubber sufficiently plastic to allow its use as a filler with batches of crude rubber.
+*Alkali recovery - Reclaimed rubber, treated by heating with alkali for 12 to 30 hours, can be used as an adulterant of crude rubber to lower the price of the finished article. The amounts of reclaimed rubber that are used depend on the quality of the article to be manufactured.
 </blockquote>
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 <br /> One form of thermal recovery is pyrolysis. This involves heating the tyre waste in the absence of oxygen which causes decomposition into gases and constituent parts. It is a technology which is still immature in the tyre-reprocessing field.
-'''Energy recovery'''
+===Energy recovery===
 Tyres consist of around 60% hydrocarbons, which is a store of energy that can be recovered by incineration. The heat produced can be used directly in processes such as cement making, or to raise steam for a variety of uses, including electricity generation. Again, this technology requires sophisticated plant and its application is limited when looking at small-scale enterprise.
-'''Landfill'''
+===Landfill===
 Landfill is the final step in the waste management hierarchy. The landfill disposal of tyres, if properly managed, does not constitute an environmental problem. However, concerns about conserving resources and energy have seen an increasing opposition to landfilling. Also, public sanitation and municipal waste management is often ineffective in developing countries and scrap tyres are often found littering the streets.

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 <blockquote>
+*Recovered rubber can cost half that of natural or synthetic rubber.
-• Recovered rubber can cost half that of natural or synthetic rubber.
+*Recovered rubber has some properties that are better than those of virgin rubber.
+*Producing rubber from reclaim requires less energy in the total production process than does virgin material.
-• Recovered rubber has some properties that are better than those of virgin rubber.
+*It is an excellent way to dispose of unwanted rubber products, which is often difficult.
+*It conserves non-renewable petroleum products, which are used to produce synthetic rubbers.
-• Producing rubber from reclaim requires less energy in the total production process than does virgin material.
+*Recycling activities can generate work in developing countries.
+*Many useful products are derived from reused tyres and other rubber products.
-• It is an excellent way to dispose of unwanted rubber products, which is often difficult.
+*If tyres are incinerated to reclaim embodied energy then they can yield substantial quantities of useful power. In Australia, some cement factories use waste tyres as a fuel source.
 </blockquote></div>