How to Build Dry Toilets

Ecological Dry Toilets

There are a great many ways to apply this concept with allows us to return our bodily wastes respectfully to the land, without using or contaminating water.

In general, the urine is kept separate and is given to plants as nitrogen-rich fertilizer which transmits no diseases when dispersed on the soil. The feces, which may contain many disease organisms, are kept safely "jailed up", covered with dry material like wood ashes, dry soil, sawdust or rice hulls, and stored long enough for all those nasty organisms to die of thirst, starvation, or assasination by normal soil organisms. This is much simpler than it may sound, since urine and feces come out of the body quite separately; it is just a matter of putting the correct funnel in the correct place to catch the urine.

Ecological Sanitation (EcoSan) can and should be applied throughout the world. It can equally well be applied is rural and urban situations. A whole city in China is being build with dry sanitation and 4-story apartment buildings.

See the booklet Sanitation and Cleanliness of the Hesperian Foundation, downloadable in various languages from [1].

This booklet includes my basic designs for building double-chambered urine-diverting ecological toilets without having to buy specialized urine-diverting toilet bowls. It is part of a larger book on Environmental Health, put together in cooperation with United Nations.

In dry places with absorbent soil, simpler systems can be built, in which the excrement decomposes in the soil, and sometimes trees may be planted later ontop. See the excellent work on this by Peter Morgan [2]

Much more information is available at www.ecosanres.org, which is managed by the Stockholm Environment Institute, leaders in this field.

Best wishes, Chris Canaday