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| − | ==Short Description==
| + | #[[General Principles for Food Security ]] |
| − | *'''Problem:'''
| + | #[[Food Hygiene]] |
| − | *'''Idea:'''
| + | #[[Traditional Cooking Practices]] |
| − | *'''Difficulty:'''
| + | #[[How to Cook Efficiently with Little Fuel]] |
| − | *'''Price Range:'''
| + | ##[[How to cook with Tray-Dryers]] |
| − | *'''Material Needeed:'''
| + | ##[[How to Cook with Little Fuel (Wood, Charcoal)]] |
| − | *'''Geographic Area:'''
| + | ##[[How to Improve your Stove]] |
| − | *'''Competencies:'''
| + | ##[[How to Build a Winiarski Rocket Stove ]]'''M'''/'''$'''/'''I'''/'''Glob'''NaodW29-ic2b7416e0153b1d3500000001 |
| − | *'''How Many people?'''
| + | ##[[How to Make a Cooking Box (Hay Box / Hay bag)]] |
| − | *'''How Long does it take?'''
| + | ##[[How to make Solar Cookers]] |
| − | | + | ##[[How to Improve a Three Stone Fire]] |
| − | =Washing and Steam Sterilising of Bottles in Small Food Processing Plants - Technical Brief=
| + | #[[How to Process Food]] |
| − | | + | ##[[How to Make Chocolate]] |
| − | <div class="booktext">
| + | ##[[How to Make Pickled Cabbage (Kimchi)]] |
| − | | + | ##[[How to Grind Grain]] |
| − | <center>'''PRACTICAL ACTION'''<br />'''Technology challenging poverty'''</center>
| + | ##[[How to Incubate Yogurt]] |
| − | | + | ##[[How to make Palm Wine]] |
| − | It is essential that all glass containers used for foods are clean and in good condition. Many small food processors face additional problems as they often rely, at least in part, on recycled bottles or jars. The following suggest some possible solutions to overcome bottle treatment problems.
| + | ##[[How to make Tofu and Soyamilk]] |
| − | | + | ##[[How to make Yogurt]] |
| − | All glass, whether new or recycled, must be treated as dirty and considered unsuitable for packaging unless cleaned. Recycled containers must be treated with great suspicion as they could have been used for storing unpleasant materials. It is recommended that all recycled containers are rigorously inspected and rejected if there is any doubt as to their previous use.
| + | ##[[How to make Watermelon Jam]] |
| − | | + | ##[[How to make a Yogurt Incubator]] |
| − | <center>
| + | ##[[How to Steam Rice]] |
| − | | + | ##[[How to Dry Fruits, Vegetables, Herbs and Nuts]] |
| − | [[Image:SterilisingBottles01a.gif]]<br /> Figure 1: Rotating brushes with treated steel or bronze bristles | + | ##[[How to Build Solar Dryers]] |
| − | | + | ##[[How to Press Oil]] |
| − | </center>
| + | #[[How to Store/ Preserve Food]] |
| − | | + | ##[[How to Preserve Food by Sterilization]] |
| − | Bottles should be washed, if possible, outside the general production unit as glass splinters from the inevitable breakages should be kept as remote from production as possible.
| + | ##[[How to Preserve Food with Salt]] |
| − | | + | ##[[How to Preserve Food with Oil, Vinegar, Salt Water]] |
| − | If labels need to be removed, overnight soaking in plastic tubs full of water will prove useful.
| + | ##[[How to Preserve Food by Drying]] |
| − | | + | ##[[How to Preserve Food by Deep Freezing]] |
| − | Washing can be carried out in a large concrete sink lined with rubber (eg car mats) to reduce breakages. The actual cleaning can be done with nylon bottle brushes and detergent. Rotating brushes with treated steel or bronze bristles are available and are comparatively cheap, see Figure 1.
| + | ##[[How to Preserve Food by Storage Conditions]] |
| − | | + | ##[[How to Cool thanks Evaporation]] |
| − | A very good small machine, Figure 2, incorporates both a rotating brush and pump. By rotating the handle the brush revolves and water is pumped through its head, finally draining away through a tube to the drain.
| + | ##[[How to Build a Solar Fridge]] |
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| − | <center>
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| − | [[Image:SterilisingBottles02.gif]]<br /> Figure 2: A small machine | |
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| − | </center>
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| − | The total removal of detergent bubbles can be very tiresome, involving repeated filling and emptying. A simple multi-head spray system will solve this problem, see Figure 3.
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| − | Once clean, washed glassware should pass as soon as possible to the packing area. It should be kept inverted in boxes to prevent dust and foreign bodies falling in through the necks.
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| − | <center>
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| − | [[Image:SterilisingBottles03.gif]]<br /> Figure 3: A simple multi-head spray system | |
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| − | </center></div>
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| − | ==Bottle sterilisation==
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| − | <div class="booktext">
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| − | It is well worth considering the steam sterilisation of bottles as a final precaution prior to filling. This is particularly true if a hot filling system is to be used. Glass sometimes contains flaws and the hot filling of a cold container can cause it to shatter. This results in splinters getting in the product and represents a total loss of product.
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| − | <center>
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| − | [[Image:p002.gif]]<br /> Figure 4: A simple bottle steamer | |
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| − | </center>
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| − | A simple bottle steamer can easily be made by a tinsmith from copper or brass sheet, see Figure 4. It should be noted that the vertical safety tube is absolutely essential. In use, the washed bottle is inverted over the steam spigot for 15 to 30 seconds until steam emerges from its neck. Obviously, the use of protective gloves and tongs will be necessary to handle the hot glassware. It is also strongly recommended that the operator carrying out the steaming should be required to wear safety goggles as occasionally there will be breakages. Additionally, some form of simple screen between the bottle steaming point and the filling point is recommended.
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| − | </div>
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| − | ==Equipment Suppliers==
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| − | <div class="booktext">
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| − | Bottle Washing Equipment
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| − | Gardners Corporation<br /> 6 Doctors Lane<br /> Near Gole Market<br /> P. O. Box 299<br /> New Delhi - 110-001<br /> India<br /> Tel: +91 (0)11 2334 4287/2336 3640<br /> Fax: +91 (0)11 2684 1886
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| − | Techno Equipments<br /> Saraswati Sadan<br /> 1<sup>st</sup> Floor<br /> 31 Parekh Street<br /> Mumbai - 400 004<br /> India<br /> Tel: +91 (0)22 2385 1258
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| − | Eastend Engineering Company<br /> 173/1/Gopal Lal Tagore Road<br /> Baranagar<br /> Calcutta 700 036<br /> India<br /> Tel: +91 (0)33 2577 6324<br /> Fax: +91 (0)33 2556 6710/160
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| − | </div>
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| − | ===Useful websites===
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| − | '''Practical Action'''
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| − | The Schumacher Centre for Technology & Development, Bourton on Dunsmore, RUGBY, CV23 9QZ, United Kingdom.<br />
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| − | '''Tel.:''' +44 (0) 1926 634400, '''Fax:''' +44 (0) 1926 634401
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| − | '''e-mail:'''practicalaction@practicalaction.org.uk '''web:'''www.practicalaction.org
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| − | <center>[[Image:Pa-logo-200x103.gif]]</center>
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| − | <div class="booktext">
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| − | Search database of packaging product suppliers<br /><u>http://www.packagingindia.com</u>
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| − | '''Practical Action, The Schumacher Centre For Technology & Development'''<br />'''Bourton Hall, Bourton-on-Dunsmore, Rugby, Warwickshire CV23 9QZ, UK'''<br />'''Tel: + 44(0) 1926 634400 Fax: +44(0) 1926 634401'''<br />'''E-mail: [mailto:Infoserv@practicalaction.org.uk Infoserv@practicalaction.org.uk] Web: http://www.practicalaction.org'''<br />'''Intermediate Technology Development Group Ltd'''<br />'''Patron HRH - The Prince of Wales, KG, KT, GCB'''<br />'''Company Reg. No 871954, England Reg. Charity No 247257 VAT No 241 5154 92'''<br />
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| − | </div>
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| − | =='''References and further reading'''==
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| − | '''This Howtopedia entry was derived from the Practical Action Technical Brief ''Washing and Steam Sterilising of Bottles in Small Food Processing Plants ''. <br />To look at the original document follow this link: http://www.practicalaction.org/?id=technical_briefs_energy'''<br />
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| − | http://www.practicalaction.org/?id=technical_briefs_water
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| − | =='''Categories:'''==
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| − | [[category:Example]] | |
| − | [[Category:Easy]] [[Category:Medium]] [[Category:Difficult]] [[Category:High Technology]] [[Category:Dangerous]]
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| − | [[Category:Less than 10 US$]] [[Category:Less than 50 US$]] [[Category:Between 50 and 200 US$]] [[Category:More than 200 US$]]
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| − | [[Category:One Person]] [[Category:Up to 5 Persons]] [[Category:More than 5 Persons]]
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| − | [[Category:Global Technology]] [[Category:Local Technology]] [[Category:Urban Environment]] [[Category:Montaneous Environment]] [[Category:Forest Environment]] [[Category:Temperate Climate]] [[Category:Tropical Climate]] [[Category:Arid Climate]] [[Category:Monsoon Climate]]
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| − | Category:Water]] [[Category:Energy]] [[Category:Agriculture]] [[Category:Pest control]] [[Category:Soil]] [[Category:Forest]] [[Category:Food Processing]] [[Category:Health]] [[Category:Ideas]] [[Category:Small Business]] [[Category:Products]] [[Category:Construction]] [[Category:Transportation|Transportation]] [[Category:Community]] [[Category:Mechanics]] [[Category:Informatics]]
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| − | [[Category:Plastic container]] [[Category:Ashes]] [[Category:Oil]] [[Category:Garlic]] | |
